How cinchona came into Turkish
In the 18th century, Bursalı Ali Münşi drew on European sources to write a Turkish monograph on cinchona bark. This bark, used against malaria, had reached Europe after Europeans entered Peru after 1513. After 1884, the main production shifted to Dutch plantations in the East Indies.
Source: Turhan Baytop, Türkiye’de Bitkiler ile Tedavi: Geçmişte ve Bugün, 3. baskı (yay. haz. Feza Baytop Günergun), Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri, Ankara, 2021 (Baytop, Türkiye’de Bitkiler ile Tedavi (Plant Healing in Turkey), 2021). This is a folk record, not a treatment recommendation.
Flour sprinkled on wounds: yarrow